The prevalence of comorbid migraine in multiple sclerosis: do multiple sclerosis and migraine really coexist?
Study Design & Technical Specifications
Sample Size / Cohort
Documented in primary study
Subject / Study Model
CNS Experimental / Clinical Model
Analytical Modalities
Primary Abstract & Repository Description
Source: Europe PMCEditorial Critique, Methodological Value & Reusability Guide
1. Scientific Context & Premise
This resource from Europe PMC ("The prevalence of comorbid migraine in multiple sclerosis: do multiple sclerosis and migraine really coexist?") addresses critical scientific questions within Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Research in this domain currently faces major translational bottlenecks, including progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), smoldering neuroinflammation, and remyelination failure across white and cortical gray matter. By focusing on key thematic elements (Europe PMC, Paper, Open Access, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS), this work contributes empirical evidence toward understanding how molecular, cellular, or systems-level alterations relate to core disease pathways such as paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs), T2/FLAIR lesion volume, oligoclonal bands, EBV titers, and EDSS progression metrics. Integrating these findings into the broader open science ecosystem helps reduce fragmentation across independent laboratories and accelerates hypothesis verification.
2. Study Architecture & Findings
Methodologically, this paper integrates Research Article, Open Access within a CNS Experimental / Clinical Model framework (cohort/experimental samples documented in source protocol). Curated via Europe PMC (DOI: 10.22514/jofph.2026.030), the analytical approach provides structured insights into Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology. Evaluating the reported outcomes alongside Research Article, Open Access technical specifications allows researchers to benchmark effect sizes, assay sensitivity, and experimental reproducibility against established reference cohorts.
3. Secondary Analysis & Reusability
Researchers and computational neuroscientists can reuse this resource across multiple secondary workflows: (1) Cross-Cohort Harmonization & Meta-Analysis — combining these Research Article, Open Access records with complementary repositories (such as OpenNeuro, DANDI, Agora, or Europe PMC) to increase statistical power; (2) Computational Benchmarking & Machine Learning — utilizing the documented features (Europe PMC, Paper, Open Access, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) as training, validation, or out-of-distribution test sets for predictive biomarker discovery in Multiple Sclerosis (MS); and (3) Experimental Protocol Alignment — referencing the study design (CNS Experimental / Clinical Model, cohort/experimental samples documented in source protocol) to calibrate sample size calculations (power analysis) and endpoint selection for upcoming preclinical or clinical studies.
4. Methodological Caveats & Governance
While curated from an authoritative scientific source, secondary analysts should account for potential cohort selection biases and site-specific batch effects. Specifically, when interpreting Research Article, Open Access results in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), researchers must control for confounding variables (such as age, sex, post-mortem interval, scanner/instrument drift, or medication state) and verify compliance with open-access attribution requirements (cc by).
Data Access, Reproducibility & Analysis Starter Guide
FAIR Open Science & Clinical Metadata Verification Protocol
Quick Data Access & Structured Export
Open the primary repository directly or download structured metadata (JSON / CSV) in one click.
This resource is indexed under FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) open-science metadata standards, enabling programmatic cross-referencing across Europe PMC, Semantic Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and CNS Open Data.
Programmatic Data Retrieval (Python Starter Code & Recommended SDKs)
Python Quickstart: Query Europe PMC & Semantic Scholar Metadata
# Fetch structured bibliographic & open-access data via Europe PMC REST API
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import json
query = "DOI:\"10.22514/jofph.2026.030\""
url = f"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query={urllib.parse.quote(query)}&format=json&resultType=core"
with urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=10) as response:
payload = json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8"))
results = payload.get("resultList", {}).get("result", [])
if results:
record = results[0]
print("Title:", record.get("title"))
print("Journal / Source:", record.get("journalTitle") or record.get("bookOrReportDetails"))
print("Cited By Count:", record.get("citedByCount", 0))Standardized 4-Step Workflow & Governance Checklist
Standardized Acquisition & Preprocessing Workflow
1. Programmatic Metadata & Full-Text OA Retrieval
Query Europe PMC or Crossref REST APIs using the persistent DOI/URL to retrieve structured XML full text, supplementary tables, and grant links.
2. Study Design & Cohort Eligibility Screening
Extract sample size, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and primary outcome endpoints for systematic review (PRISMA) inclusion.
3. Data Availability & Supplementary Repository Linkage
Locate accession numbers (GEO, SRA, OpenNeuro, DANDI, Zenodo, Figshare) referenced in the Data Availability section.
4. Citation Graph & Replication Tracking
Monitor supporting and contrasting citations over time to verify whether key findings have been independently replicated.
Reproducibility & Governance Checklist
- Verify whether the source is a peer-reviewed journal publication or an unrefereed preprint before clinical citation.
- Check supplementary data licenses (CC-BY / CC0) when extracting figures or summary statistics for meta-analyses.
- Cross-reference NCT clinical trial identifiers when evaluating therapeutic efficacy or biomarker endpoints.
Tags & Modalities
Bibliometrics, Peer-Review Status & Citation Export
Cross-referenced via Semantic Scholar, Europe PMC & bioRxiv
1. Citation Metrics & Context Breakdown
Citation Context Breakdown
2. Peer-Review Validation & Revision History
Verified Publication / Open Dataset Record
Metadata and license integrity verified against primary repository records.
3. Standardized Academic Citation & BibTeX Export
Kępczyńska K et al. (2026). The prevalence of comorbid migraine in multiple sclerosis: do multiple sclerosis and migraine really coexist?. Europe PMC. https://doi.org/10.22514/jofph.2026.030
@article{k2026epmc,
title = {The prevalence of comorbid migraine in multiple sclerosis: do multiple sclerosis and migraine really coexist?},
author = {Kępczyńska K and Sochań P and Bednarczyk N and Sochań PJ and Domitrz W},
year = {2026},
journal = {Europe PMC},
howpublished = {\url{https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13223905}},
doi = {10.22514/jofph.2026.030},
note = {CNS Open Data: multiple_sclerosis}
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Multiple Sclerosis and Viruses: « Liaisons Dangereuses ».
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with an aetiology that is still partially elusive. Several risk factors are associated with MS development including genetic predisposition and various environmental stressors; however, recently, viral infections have gained significant attention as a crucial environmental trigger. Despite the well-established link between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and MS susceptibility, a single-pathogen model fails to clearly characterise the molecular cascades driving the disease, suggesting that the transition from infection to autoimmune response involves more than one viral agent. In this review we examine the speculation that the interactions among different neurotropic viruses could serve a collective causative role in MS, which is under-researched in the literature at present. We summarise contradictory evidence on the role of different viral agents, including the Herpesviridae family (Human Cytomegalovirus, EBV, Herpes Simplex Viruses HSV-1 and HSV-2, and Varicella Zoster Virus), Paramyxoviridae family (Measles Virus and Rubella Virus), Influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs). Through interplay within shared molecular pathways, immune modulation, and activation of latent infections, these viruses may collectively influence the inflammatory and demyelinating processes that characterise MS. This review evaluates the etiological role of viral interplay in MS through the cumulative and interactive effects of these pathogens. The available epidemiological, immunological, and experimental data converge on the concept that viral co-exposures act synergistically to shape MS susceptibility in genetically predisposed individuals. Characterising these viral interactions presents a new research direction for the identification of novel biomarkers and the development of preventative strategies through the targeted control of viral networks.
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BackgroundCNM-Au8, a catalytic nanocrystalline gold suspension, is proposed to support neuronal bioenergetics, but its effect on chronic lesion evolution in multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been reported. ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of CNM-Au8 on chronic lesion tissue expansion (CLTE). Results...
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Academic Research & Medical Information Disclaimer
This page provides structured scientific metadata, methodological critiques, and open-data reusability guidelines intended strictly for neuroscience researchers and data scientists. It does not constitute medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
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